Showing posts with label Cushings. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Cushings. Show all posts

Wednesday, March 17, 2010

A Cushings Comparison

Josh - April 11, 2009 - before being given pergolide to manage his Cushings
Josh's coat, at this time, was very patchy with areas of very long hair, most noticeable here along the bottom of his rib cage and as what looks like feathering on his forelegs.

Josh began taking pergolide in June 2009.  Below is a photo taken March 17, 2010.  His coat is still very thick, but of a much healthier texture and consistent length.


We will retest Josh's ACTH level in June to determine if his pergolide dose needs any adjustment.


Saturday, January 2, 2010

Aha! Its NOT Just Our Imagination!

TREES current herd consists of 7 horses with confirmed Cushings, or PPID, diagnoses, and at least 3 other horses than show some symptoms, but had "normal" ACTH levels when tested.  Several times, we've discussed with our vet the possibility that the parameters defining "normal" may need to be re-evaluated.  If we had several horses showing clinical signs of PPID even when testing as Normal, it is likely that other owners experience the same thing.

Now, from the Jan2, 2009 horse.com article, "Equine Endocrine Disorders Discussed at AAEP," we see:
"It was pointed out that PPID is difficult to detect in its earliest stages, while advanced disease is relatively easy to recognize. The two most commonly used tests for PPID--resting adrenocorticotropin hormone( ACTH) concentrations and the overnight dexamethasone suppression test--can be used to confirm the diagnosis. However, these tests are less likely to yield positive results when PPID is first developing, so clinical judgment must be relied upon in these cases."
So, it's not our imagination.  Some horses exhibit clinical symptoms even though the test results do not confirm the diagnosis.

Fortunately,
"New diagnostic tests are being developed for PPID and might allow earlier detection of the disorder. These include the combined dexamethasone suppression/thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test, TRH response test (with ACTH concentrations measured 10 and 30 minutes post-injection), and oral domperidone challenge test."

It may seem odd to be so excited about these little advances but, considering that ten years ago Cushings was often viewed as a terminal illness, these "little" things can mean a lot to people caring for long-time equine family members.  The sooner a PPID patient is started on treatment and modified management techniques, the better the chances of preventing serious complications, which translates into a better long-term prognosis.

Thursday, December 10, 2009

Herbal Insulin Resistance Treatment Options Reviewed


http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=15386
“Appropriate treatment for IR is controversial,” said Noble,” But the effective management of IR may prevent the crippling disease, laminitis.”
Some of these compounds are marketed for other uses, such as anti-inflammatories, anthelmintics, muscle builders, and coat conditioners. Scientific evidence demonstrating any beneficial effect of these herbs on insulin resistance in horses is lacking.
Noble and her coauthors emphasized, "The aim (of this review) is not to advise clinicians or horse owners about what to use, but to inform equine scientists contemplating research in this field."

Thursday, November 26, 2009

Cushings/IR Talk, Jan12, 2010, Leesburg VA

Jan. 12, 2010 "Endocrine Disease in the Horse: Cushings and Insulin Resistance" will be presented by Dr. Martin Furr, professor and Adelaide C. Riggs Chair in Internal Medicine at the Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center ("Morven Park.")

All Tuesday Talk lectures will be held at 7 p.m. in the Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center's library, in Leesburg. No fee is charged for attending, but seating is limited and pre-registration is required. To register e-mail Amy Troppmann or call 703/771-6843. Additional information regarding the center and its services is available online.
Contact Kate Lee at cleepr@vt.edu or 703/771-6881.
 

Wednesday, November 11, 2009

Cushings horses: Use topicals with care!

Its long been known that the administration of oral or injectible steroids like dexamethasone could cause complications in horses with Cushings.   This study shows that steroids in topical creams can be absorbed through the skin, causing measurable amounts to show up blood samples.
"We were really surprised to see such massive systemic changes in such a short time," Abraham said. "And this was in healthy horses.
The study, "Effects of dermal dexamethasone application on ACTH and both basal and ACTH-stimulated cortisol concentration in normal horses," was published in the August 2009 Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics.

Tuesday, November 10, 2009

Drum Roll, Please!

BRrdrdrdrdrdrdrdrdrdrdTT !!

Sometime last night, the shell cracked open and, both literally and figuratively, Sherman emerged!  Rather than staying sequestered in his stall all day and night, Sherm is now strolling outside on a frequent basis.  His eye has softened, he's inquisitive and seeking attention.  A far cry from the timid guy of the past few days.



Because he is very thin and is showing some physical signs that may point to Cushings, we are proceeding cautiously with Sherman's refeeding program.   Lack of weight can sometimes mask the severity of illnesses like Cushings and we want to avoid tiggering any complications like an episode of laminitis.



It appears Sherman is over his suspicion about the camera being a predator.  Don't be surprised if you see a lot of closeups of his nose from here on out!


Monday, November 9, 2009

TREES' Cushings Club

I just realized we frequently talk about our Cushings Club, but we've never really told you who the members are.  The official membership stands at six, but last summer's testing revealed two more may be at the jumping off point.  As we mentioned a few days ago, our new arrival, Sherman, looks pretty suspicious as well.  Not long ago, a diagnosis of "Cushings Disease," now known as PPID (Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction,) was viewed by many as a death sentence.  Not any more!

And so, without further ado...........The Traveller's Rest Equine Elders Sanctuary Cushings Club:

Nate, mid 30's


Freddy, 26


Wade, 26


Sonny, 38


Josh, late 30's?


Henry, 25


Interestingly, all are geldings.  All are managed with pergolide and a carefully controlled diet (thank to all of our visitors for being very understanding about our "No Treats" policy,) and all are retested each year with pergolide dosages adjusted accordingly. 

Friday, November 6, 2009

Welcome, Sherman!

Here he is!  Our  new resident, Sherman (29,) is quite thin, but happily not as underweight as either Mona or Liz upon arrival.  It also appears, judging by the thick curly coat, that TREES may be adding another member to the Cushings Club.

Sherman, shortly after a small (too small in his  estimation) meal of Triple Crown Senior.




For now, Sherman seems a little disturbed by the camera, but we were able to catch him peeping over the door at us.


.

Thank you, Janie for helping bring this together, Amanda for filling in some details, Karol for the extra careful ride, Lori for offering Reiki when Sherman arrived, George, Heather, Catie and Jeanelle for helping to prepare Sherman's apartment, and everyone else following Sherm's arrival. 

Our new man was a little tired after his short trailer ride, so we're trying to give him some privacy for the evening.  We'll try to get more photos and post more information in the next several days.




Friday, September 25, 2009

How Beneficial Is Soaking Hay?

As a short follow-up to the previous post on laminitis, we wanted to bring attention to a study performed by the UK's The Laminitis Consortium.

Many people believe that soaking hay removes water-soluble carbohydrates, making the hay safe to feed to laminitis-prone horses. This may not be the case.

In this may 2009 study,:

“The results showed a highly variable leaching of WSC and substantially less leaching than reported previously for chopped hay soaked for 30 minutes” explained Clare Barfoot. “Very few samples reached below 10% WSC, despite prolonged soaking. The concern is that this strongly suggests that soaking may not be sufficient to render some hays safe to feed to horses and ponies prone to laminitis.”

Barfoot also says, "Soaking hay provides an additional safeguard but should not be relied upon.”

In addition, there is concern that soaking for a long time may remove so many other nutrients that deficiencies in protein, vitamins and minerals may result.

For more information, please read the Equine Science Update article, Laminitis: value of soaking hay?

Thursday, September 24, 2009

Laminitis is Not a Disease

Read almost any horse-related magazine, forum, bulletin board or newsletter, and eventually, a discussion of laminitis will surface. “My horse has laminitis. What’s the best way to treat it?

The first thing to realize is that laminitis is not a disease unto itself. Laminitis - meaning “inflammation of the laminae” - is a symptom of something else going on in the horse’s body.

In other words, to control the laminitis, you must determine and treat the cause. Administering all the anti-inflammatory and vasodilating drugs on the planet will not help if the root cause is not addressed at the same time.

In TREES' case, the laminitic horses we care for all suffer metabolic disorders, some related to Cushings Disease, some not. In every case, though, all tend to have high insulin levels unless their diets are very carefully managed. In every case of active laminitis, the insulin levels were well above what is considered normal, sometimes as much as ten times the norm seen in unaffected horses.

To manage those horses' insulin levels, we think of their management in the same way we think of caring for diabetic humans. Foods low in sugars and other simple carbohydrates, small frequent meals, maximum turnout (exercise - also beneficial in keeping arthritic joints moving, and guts functioning properly), and plenty of water. In the food category, no sweet feeds, no apples, carrots, or other starchy treats, no sugar cubes, no peppermints or other candies, no cookies, no applesauce, no corn syrup, no maple syrup, no ....well the list is endless. What IS allowed is a feed low in non-structural carbohydrates, soaked alfalfa cubes, and hay (remember, though, that all hays are not created equally and greatly vary in sugar content.) That's it!

Do our horses feel neglected or unloved because they get no "treats." Of course not! Grooming, scratches and personal attention fill the definition of "treat" as well as any peppermint could. (An added plus of the "no edible treats" rule is that we don't have horses rooting around in our pockets while trying to work with them, or pushing and shoving each other when visitors arrive.)
And, of course, the ultimate benefit of eliminating every source of sugar we reasonably can eliminate is an appreciable reduction in laminitic episodes in even those horses previously deemed "chronic."

We do take a deep breath any time one of our "metabolic" horses takes one bad step but most often that bad step is not because of laminitis. Should laminitis, however, rear its ugly head again, we'll re-evaluate, find the cause, and work to resolve the underlying issue as we also nip the inflammation in the bud.

Meanwhile, since personal attention is our herd's "treat," please consider a visit. All you need to bring is your fingers! For an appointment: info@equineelders.org

Tuesday, September 1, 2009

Josh's New Coat

Update on Josh:

Josh arrived in April 2009, looking a little like a Lesser Virginia Yak. When I first saw a picture of him, I forwarded it to our vet with the note "I'm thinking Cushings." Her reply was something like "Yikes! I think your right."

Josh, April 11, 2009

When we ask our vet to evaluate or monitor a horse who has, or who is suspected of having, Cushings (more technically called Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction or PPID,) she takes a blood sample to measure the level of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone or "ACTH." Since ACTH levels naturally vary with time of year (its one hormone that increases as hours of daylight grow shorter, signally the body to prepare for winter,) we usually wait until late spring or very early summer to test.

In early June, we had a ACTH test festival, testing nine horses - 5 previously diagnosed were tested to see if their pergolide dosages were adequate, and 4 suspects. Two of the four suspicious looking horses were just grazing the upper end of the normal ACTH range. They will continue to be monitored and will be tested again next year. The other two of those four, however, Sonny and Josh, were added to the Cushings roster. As a matter of fact, Josh's numbers were not only high, they were "off the charts." We were not surprised. He did shed his yak coat in the spring, but it was immediately replaced by another winter coat. In May!

Josh was started on pergolide and within a couple of weeks, began to shed. He doesn't yet have a "normal" summer coat, but what a difference!

August 31, 2009

And finally, our favorite Josh update photo:

August 31, 2009
How's that for a 38 year old derierre?

Friday, August 7, 2009

Nathan - The Saga Continues

As we continue to evaluate Nate's wide range of problems, we're beginning to narrow down some causes. In addition to Cushings, badly neglected feet and malnourishment, it seems that our stalwart gray gelding most likely also has Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (more commonly called "EPM.")

A diagnosis of EPM is often difficult to confirm. It can be ruled out when a test of either blood serum or cerebrospinal fluid shows a negative result. A positive result using CSF is "highly suggestive" of the disease, while a positive result in a serum sample only proves that a horse has been exposed to the protozoa (Sarcocystis neurona) that cause the disease. In Nate's case, we tested serum. Based on the result and clinical symptoms, it was determined that there is a 90% chance he has the disease. Reason enough to start treatment ASAP.

We've opted to use a product called Marquis, hoping for quicker results than some other treatments offer. Marquis should kill any protozoa present, but it will not repair existing damage to Nate's nervous system. Unfortunately, at this point, there is no way to know how extensive that damage may be.

EPM, like Cushings, affects each horse in a different way, depending in part on where the lesions are and how long the disease went untreated. We also don't know how Cushings may complicate treatment or how EPM may complicate Cushings.

In other words, for every answer we get regarding Nate's case, we get five or ten new questions.

The good news is, for now Nate is doing very well. He's eating well, gaining weight, and his spirit is bright. Last night, in a little burst of energy after hand-grazing, he tried a little lope after being turned back into his small paddock. OK, so it wouldn't have been considered "pretty" to most horse folk, but to us it was a gorgeous sight to see. Nate felt "kick-up-your-heels" good. Even if it turns out he only has a short time left in this life, we know he had that.

Sunday, July 5, 2009

How's Nathan?

We apologize for the delay in “Nathan Updates.” Nathan has only been here one week, but it seems like we have volumes to write about him already. We’ll have to post about him over several days.

We’ll start with a few details about Nathan’s condition on arrival. A one-word description of the overall picture might be “overwhelming.”

As the trailer door swung open, the most obvious problem was his weight. Even with an abnormally thick summer coat, hip bones, ribs, shoulder blades and vertebrae were clearly defined. The heavy coat itself seemed a big bold arrow pointing clearly to Cushings. Nathan’s feet were all abnormally shaped, obviously not trimmed in some time. The biggest concern, however, was his balance. The gray gelding’s back end did not seem to be doing quite what he asked it too. He “listed” to the right, dragging his left hind leg any time he turned in either direction. There was no life in his tail, which hangs limply while the other horses’ tails swish gracefully back and forth as they graze.


Any one of those conditions, other than neglected feet perhaps, put Nathan’s future in question. Together, they seemed impossible to manage.

Once he was comfortable in his new accommodations, we stepped back to evaluate one step at a time. First…..feet. That issue seemed like it should be easiest to resolve and might bring the most immediate comfort. The problem, however, is that impaired balance meant it was difficult for Nathan to stand on three legs. When Nate finally did pick up the foot that appeared to be in the worst condition, we found it was heavily infested with maggots. The heel was virtually nonexistent accompanied by deformed bars and overgrown hoof wall headed in every direction. The smell was nauseating. Yet, Nathan looked fully weight bearing on that foot. Had he been like this so long that if felt “normal?”


The Animal Control Officer who brought Nate to Traveller’s Rest considered this a need for urgent veterinary care. We agreed and made the call. While here, the vet also documented Nate’s condition at time of arrival.

During the veterinary exam, the two biggest concerns were Nathan’s feet and his balance. Working together, the two issues made each difficult to evaluate separately. With poor balance, Nate couldn’t pick up a foot easily. Abnormal feet aggravated the balance problem. This combination of problems also made it hard to determine just how much of his lameness was pain and how much was neurological impairment. In addition, Nate had no muscle mass due to his malnutrition. Starve horses often drag their feet until they become stronger and rebuild muscle.

The maggot infested foot was addressed first. It was cleaned, flushed and poulticed with a Betadine/Epsom Salt paste, held in place with a baby diaper and duct tape. Not pretty, but functional. The hope was that the salt would kill any maggots that might still be hiding in any crevices, or hadn’t yet emerged from the diseased tissue covering the bottom of Nate’s foot. To thoroughly debride the foot, Nate will likely need to go to the vet clinic, but that’s a decision for later. At the moment he is likely not strong enough to tolerate anesthesia.

Where do we start in formulating a possible rehabilitation plan? Can we rehabilitate this beautiful old soul? Being realistic, as we continue to evaluate, it may be determined that the kindest thing we can offer our big new horse is a peaceful transition to his next life. That remains to be seen, but we’re trying to keep an open mind.

Thursday, June 25, 2009

New Guy A-coming

This is one of those "Stay Tuned......." posts. We're making preparations for a new arrival, to be welcomed this weekend. All we know to this point is that he is 36 years old, a draft horse cross, has melanoma and Cushings, and needs to put on some weight. Challenges ahead..........?

Wednesday, May 6, 2009

Freddie, the Self-Cleaning Arabian


Thank Goodness. Freddie really is self-cleaning most of the time. We're on our way to a record number of consecutive rainy days (or so the local weather gurus "joke.")

Even so, look at our 26 year old Arabian gelding, Fred Astaire:
Photo courtesy of Molly McDonald Peterson, mJm photography

No kidding! This is Freddie, as is, no special grooming, bathing, or "photoshopping," after several days of rain and mud. What a good guy.

We also have to take the opportunity to point out that Freddie is one of TREES' Cushings patients. Freddie's symptoms have been controlled for three years now, using dietary management and Pergolide. Again....Thank Goodness! Can you imagine dealing with an almost white "Cushings coat" during mud season? We don't even want to think about that prospect.

Wednesday, March 11, 2009

More thoughts on pergolide

After an earlier post about the stability of compounded pergolide, a few other points we thought worth mentioning came to mind:
One is that there is no "standard" dose as there is for most other meds. In other words, there is nothing that says every horse should receive X mg/100 lbs body weight. It varies from horse to horse. If your starting dose doesn't seem effective, your vet may want to recheck ACTH levels and adjust as needed. We've had to adjust 2 or 3 times on some horses to get it right, waiting at least a month or more between the time we change dose and the next test. Pergolide is not one of those things that works overnight.

Second, be sure you know what concentration your pharmacy sells. We've had some pergolide that was 1mg/ml, meaning the horse gets 1 ml of liquid to get 1mg of the drug. We've also had some that was 0.25mg/ml (4 ml liquid = 1mg of drug) and now use 0.20mg/ml (5 ml of liquid = 1 mg of drug.) One advantage to the more dilute form is a lesser difference in dose if you don't measure to the exact hair.

Finally, *when* you test ACTH levels has an effect on results. ACTH naturally increases as winter approaches and is lower in summer, so season will affect your test results.. Some people compensate by giving a different dose of pergolide in the winter than in the summer. We haven't done that, but it is something to be aware of.

Tuesday, February 24, 2009

Is Your Horse's Pergolide Stable?

Long before it became a preferred treatment for equine Cushings, pergolide was used to treat Parkinson's Disease in humans. Serious side effects, however, led the FDA to remove pergolide from the market for human use in 2007. Since then, only certain forms of pergolide have been available for use in horses, but they had not been evaluated for stability, among other things.

Stability and Efficacy of Compounded Pergolide Examined outlines a few recommendations, based on findings of a study conducted at the College of Veterinary Medicine at North Carolina State University:
>Store compounded pergolide mesylate products in a dark container, protected from
light;
>Refrigerate products to help minimize excessive degeneration;
>Dispose of products within 30 days from date of compounding;
>Evaluate the color of the product prior to each use and discard any pergolide product that has undergone any change in color, and;
>Request that your pergolide is compounded by pharmacists that use only the officially recognized formula (by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention).

Based on comments by a regular TREES visitor, these suggestions do seem to have a big impact on how well pergolide works. Here, we only purchase two weeks worth of pergolide at a time from a pharmacy that does not compound the drug until it is ordered and it is always kept refrigerated. Our visitor has mentioned that other farms using different forms of pergolide or different storage techniques seem to see more obvious symptoms than we see here. That is far from scientific proof, of course, particularly since each Cushings patient may exhibit different symptoms to varying degrees and may respond to treatment differently than other horses. We know we are paying more for our pergolide than some other people, but it may be worth the extra expense if quality treatment helps to prevent serious complications such as laminitis.

When visiting the link to the article, please also pay attention to the sidebar concerning "Human Health," particulary if you are using pergolide powder:
In response to the demonstrated stability concerns of liquid pergolide products, there has been some discussion regarding the use of bulk pergolide powder in equine practice. According to pharmacists, this is not a realistic alternative to the, "pergolide problem" as inhalation or ingestion of pergolide mesylate by humans is unsafe. In particular, inhaled or ingested pergolide can cause damage to the central nervous system and cardiovascular system (heart and lungs).

Sunday, February 1, 2009

What is with this weather??

In several recent posts, we whined about the colder than normal temperatures. Today, though, we hit 60 degrees! What's up with that? One confused honeybee even showed up at afternoon feeds to investigate the feast. We thought the horses might feel a little Spring Fever, but most took advantage of the sun and dozed most of the day. We also learned that even a 60-degree afternoon is not enough to thaw manure piles hard-frozen to the ground in spots that don't get much sun.

Some of our Golden Muck Fork winners (Gene and Carol,) though, got the rest of the farm cleaned up and helped prepare for the next winter storm, forecast to arrive tomorrow night. Stalls and sheds are ready to go, fields and paddocks are clean, a new load of hay was brought in, extra feed will arrive tomorrow and water tanks will be filled to the brim in case of power outages (when you're on a well, no electricity = no pump = no water.)


On another note, a young horse we placed in a wonderful home several years ago had to return to TREES a few days ago. Once we let her settle in, we'll re-evaluate her and see about additional training before making her available for adoption. Crea will be 6 years old this spring. We don't know her breeding. Coming from a "nurse mare farm," she could be almost any combination of breeds. She has been started under saddle according to her last family, but is very green and needs some confidence building.

Thank you to Jorg and Tom, the powerhouse behind White Bird Appaloosa Horse Rescue, for trailering Crea to her current foster home. Many thanks, too, for the clippers (small clippers much appreciated for small jobs. We're still in search of something for full body Cushings coat clips - maybe something comparable to a Clipmaster 610.)

We're were also happy to have Mary Beth stop in and drop off some senior feed on Friday. Please come again when the weather is a little more conducive to a tour and introductions to the residents.


Monday, January 26, 2009

More on Handling Metabolic Challenges

Readers who would like to follow up on Dr Blanton's article, Feeding the Metabolically Challenged Horse may want to look into these "Horse Courses," offered by THEHORSE.COM.
"What's a Horse Course? It's an online video seminar given by experts on a specific horse health topic*. They're all free, thanks to our sponsors. (*Note: Topics are subject to change according to the presenters’ discretion.)"
1. Metabolic Disorders - Equine metabolic syndrome and Cushing's disease. Sponsored by Fort Dodge Animal Health. Available Now. Nicholas Frank, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVIM (University of Tennessee)Presented at the University of Kentucky’s Livestock Disease Diagnostic Center in conjunction with the Department of Veterinary Sciences.

2. Pituitary Dysfunction Problems in the pituitary gland of older horses. Sponsored by Fort Dodge Animal Health. Available Now. Dianne McFarlane, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVIM, ABVP (Oklahoma State University)Presented at the University of Kentucky’s Livestock Disease Diagnostic Center in conjunction with the Department of Veterinary Sciences.

Visit http://www.thehorse.com/Videos.aspx?tab=hc to sign up.

Saturday, January 24, 2009

Feeding the Metabolically Challenged Horse

Article reprinted from Rappahannock Equine Veterinary Clinic newsletter, Vol 2, Issue 1 (january 2009) with author's permission:



Feeding the Metabolically Challenged Horse
Amanda Blanton, DVM


Establishing an appropriate feeding plan for a horse with an endocrine disorder (PPID/Cushings disease, Equine Metabolic Syndrome, and/or Insulin Resistance) can be challenging and is tailored to each horse’s specific situation. As a result, it is important to discuss your horse’s endocrine status and nutritional needs with your veterinarian and to closely monitor your horse’s body condition, appetite and presence of any foot soreness (in those horses that are at high risk of developing laminitis.)

The goals in feeding a horse with an endocrine disorder are to decrease body fat in obese horses and to avoid feeds that will worsen insulin resistance (IR.)

Weight Loss
Overweight horses (body condition score 7-9) require a strict program of dietary management and exercise. It has been shown that the risk of developing insulin resistance (IR) increases as the length of time a horse is overweight increases, and studies have shown that IR horses are more likely to develop laminitis. As a result, it is imperative to get the excess weight off these horses. Obese horses should be fed a diet of hay plus a vitamin and mineral supplement. Since they will be receiving no other calories, these horses should be fed enough hay to meet their energy requirements: 1.5-2.0 % of their body weight. This is equivalent to 15-20 pounds of hay per day for a 1000 pound horse.** Obese horses that are not actively laminitic should also be exercised daily to further reduce weight.

Avoiding Insulin-Resistance Causing Feeds
The key here is to avoid excess sugars and carbohydrates. Most sugars in a normal horse’s diet come from pasture grasses. As a result, when managing IR ponies or horses, you must restrict or eliminate pasture from the diet. Options for pasture restriction include strict dry lots, use of a grazing muzzle, free grazing for 1-2 hours a day and strip grazing with electric fencing. It has been shown that grasses are highest in sugars during dynamic stages of growth. Therefore, it is important to avoid grazing during the following times of year: spring (when grass is growing quickly and turning green,) early summer (when grass is starting to dry out,) following heavy summer rains (when grass is rapidly growing,) and fall (when grass is entering winter dormancy.) Sugar content in pasture grasses also varies with the time of day. Sugar content is low early in the day and high later in the day. As a result, it is best to graze horses with metabolic issues in early morning versus late afternoon. However, since each case is different, consult with your veterinarian to determine the best option for you and your horse.

Unlike the obese horses, some horses with endocrine disorders (lean horses in regular work and/or ribby horses with regional adiposity) will require supplemental calorie sources. How do you increase caloric intake without increasing the sugars and carbs that can lead to IR? If your horse is one of these and needs to be fed a concentrate, look for those feeds that are low in sugars and carbohydrates. Dividing the feedings into smaller, more frequent meals is a great way to decrease your horse’s natural glycemic response to each meal. It is also good practice to feed hay before concentrates to slow the transit from the stomach to the lower digestive tract where many carbohydrates are broken down into harmful sugars. You will also want to feed a hay that is <12% non-structural carbohydrates. To achieve this, you can send away hay to be tested or you can soak your hay for 60 minutes in cold water (30 minutes in hot water) prior to feeding it to your horse.

Other additives that may be used in tailoring a diet specific for your horse’s needs include rice bran, rice bran oil, or corn oil as high calorie, low carb supplements. Molasses free, soaked beet pulp is another great way to add calories and fiber to the diet while avoiding carbohydrates. Again, ask your veterinarian for recommendations to meet your horse’s specific requirements and tastes. Remember to make all feed changes gradually, at least over 10-14 days. And don’t forget to stay away from high sugar treats (no sugar cubes!)

As you can see, there are many factors to consider when establishing a feeding plan for a horse with a metabolic disorder and it can be challenging to create a plan that is feasible for you and palatable for your horse. However, it is very rewarding to see the results when an appropriate feeding plan is couple with exercise and appropriate medication (if needed.)

References
1. Frank, Nicolas. How to Feed Horses with Endocrine Disorders. AAEP’s 53rd Annual Convention Proceedings. 2007:186-192
2. Gordon, M.E. et al. The effects of dietary manipulation and exercise on weight loss and related indices of health in horses. Longview Animal Nutrition Center, Land O Lakes Purina Feed, Gray Summit, MO.
3. Gordon, M.E. The Effects of Nonstructural Carbohydrate Content and Feeding Rate on Glucose and Insulin Response to Meal Feeding in Equine.


** TREES note: Feeding only hay may not be possible in elder horses with advanced dental problems. Talk to your vet about finding a suitable replacement.

For more on pasture in relation to metabolic disorders visit
SaferGrass.org